Highly Efficient Markets
In highly efficient markets, the prevailing security prices at a given moment reflect not only published information, but also everything that can be known about the company, including its internal information. A market is described as highly efficient if the market value of any security reflects its true value, meaning that the market prices securities […]
Weak-Form Efficient Markets
In weak-form efficient markets, the prevailing prices of securities at any given moment reflect traders’ knowledge of the security’s past prices and trading volume.
Secondary Markets
These are markets where securities are traded post-issuance, such as the stock market, enabling investors to buy and sell securities.
Primary Markets
Markets where securities are offered for the first time, such as initial public offerings, and are used to raise capital for investors.
Unlisted Shares
These are shares for which the issuing company has not applied for listing on the financial market, or which have not met the financial market’s listing requirements.
Preferred Shares (Preference Shares)
Shares that are entitled to fixed dividends and do not grant their holders voting rights. However, they provide priority in receiving entitlements over common shareholders in the event of the company’s financial distress or bankruptcy.
Listed Shares
These are company shares that have met the listing requirements of the financial market, which all companies must adhere to as a fundamental condition for their listing.
Common Stock
A security that represents a portion of ownership in an institution or company, equal to its value or total value based on the number of shares
Stocks
A share represents an ownership stake in a company’s capital, and its holder receives a share of the company’s profits. It can be said that stocks are ownership stakes of equal value, indivisible, and tradable through commercial means.
Cash Basis
A method of recording revenues and expenses when cash is received or paid, rather than when they are earned or incurred.