Mixed Economy
An economic system combining elements of both market-driven (private sector) and centrally planned (government-controlled) economies, in which both the state and private entities participate in economic activity.
Corporate Takeover (Hostile Takeover)
The acquisition of a company, typically against the wishes of its current management or board of directors, by purchasing a controlling stake of its shares on the open market or through a direct offer to shareholders.
Price Differential Exploitation (Spread Trading)
A trading or investment strategy that profits from the difference in prices of related securities, assets, or contracts across different markets, time periods, or instruments.
Istisna’ (Manufacturing Contract)
An Islamic finance contract in which one party commissions another to manufacture or construct a specified asset. The price and specifications are agreed upfront, and payment may be made in advance, in installments, or upon delivery. It is commonly used to finance infrastructure and real estate construction.
Redemption
The repayment of a bond, sukuk, or other debt instrument at its maturity date, or the repurchase of fund units by the fund manager from investors. Redemption may also refer to the early recall of a callable bond at the issuer’s option.
Reverse Acquisition (Reverse Merger)
A transaction in which a private company acquires a publicly listed company — or gains control of it — as a means of becoming listed on a stock exchange without conducting a traditional IPO.
Reverse Acquisition (Reverse Merger)
A transaction in which a private company acquires a publicly listed company — or gains control of it — as a means of becoming listed on a stock exchange without conducting a traditional IPO.
Horizontal Acquisition
An acquisition in which the acquiring company takes over another company operating in the same industry and at the same stage of the supply chain, typically to increase market share or achieve economies of scale.
Acquisition
A corporate transaction in which one entity obtains ownership or control of another, either through the purchase of its shares, assets, or through a merger arrangement.
Maturity
The date on which a financial instrument (such as a bond, sukuk, or certificate of deposit) expires and the principal amount becomes due and payable to the holder.