Fiduciary risks
Risks arising from an institution’s failure to perform its duties in accordance with explicit and implicit standards applicable to its fiduciary responsibilities
The investment portfolio
A set of financial assets owned by the investor, such as stocks and bonds, managed to achieve specific financial goals.
Job Accounting
Job accounting and reporting helps align organizational performance with the plan, ensuring operational control within the entity through estimated budgets.
Trader
An individual who buys and sells securities for their own account.
Accounting Principles
These are the principles, rules, and procedures needed to define the practice of accounting at a given time, and trust in these principles depends on their general acceptance by those working in the accounting profession.
Laundered Money
Money acquired through illegal means: drugs, theft, or other sources, but appears to be legitimately earned after being injected into banks
Exclusive Entity (Takaful)
A takaful company or re-takaful company established and owned, directly or indirectly, by one or more industrial, commercial, or financial entities. Its purpose is to provide takaful or re-takaful coverage for the risks of the entity or entities to which it belongs, or for entities associated with those entities, and only a small part of […]
Structural Market Efficiency
Structural market efficiency refers to the number of market participants. If the number of participants in the market increases, and no single participant or group of them can influence market prices, this indicates a competitive market and an enhanced degree of structural efficiency.
Market Operational Efficiency
Market operational efficiency refers to the extent of transaction costs in the market and is typically measured by the spread (price difference) between the selling price and the buying price. The relationship between operational efficiency and the spread is inverse, where operational efficiency decreases as the spread increases and increases as it decreases.
Market Pricing Efficiency
Market pricing efficiency refers to the market’s ability to correctly price a security. The faster and more accurately a financial market prices securities, the higher its pricing efficiency. Markets are categorized based on their pricing efficiency into three levels: weak-form efficient markets, semi-strong form efficient markets, and strong-form efficient markets.