Debt Instrument Funds
These are funds that invest in debt instruments such as sukuk and bonds issued by companies, government entities, semi-government entities, or any other entity authorized to issue any type of debt instrument.
Market Maker
A securities dealer or specialist who is willing at any time to buy or sell securities, thereby accepting the risks of holding a certain number of securities in order to facilitate trading in those securities. Market makers compete for orders by quoting bid or ask prices for a specified quantity of a particular security.
Net Profit (Net Income)
It represents the net profit or net income available to owners after settling all obligations owed by the company in a specific period of time.
Premium (Option Price)
A cash amount paid by the holder of an option contract to the writer of the option in exchange for the right granted to them.
Financial Leverage
It represents the extent to which a company relies, in structuring its capital, on fixed-cost sources of financing — such as loans, bonds, and preferred shares. The higher the proportion of these components in the company’s total capital structure, the more the company is described as having high financial leverage, and consequently, higher financing risk.
Underwriting Agent
The person who offers or sells securities on behalf of the issuer or its affiliate, or who obtains securities from the issuer or its affiliate for the purpose of re-marketing them or managing the securities issuance process.
Settlement Agent
The person with whom, or through whom, the capital market institution settles a transaction.
Subscription Agent (Distributor)
Subscription Agent (Distributor)
Investment Agent
An investment agent is essentially an individual or an institution that holds assets on behalf of another party, and has decision-making authority — particularly on financial matters — on that party’s behalf.
Clearing Agency
The entity that carries out the clearing and settlement of securities trades, the central securities depository function, and other related services. Central securities depositories (CSDs) and central counterparties (CCPs) are considered types of clearing agencies.