A Government Website Registered with the Digital Government Authority

Official Saudi government websites end with gov.sa

All official educational websites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia end with sch.sa or edu.sa

Government websites use the HTTPS protocol for encryption and security.

Secure websites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia use the HTTPS protocol for encryption.

Comparative financial statements

Financial statements containing figures for the current year in addition to figures for the previous period or periods, allowing a comparison between them.

Classified Financial Statements

Financial statements classified into groups such as current assets, fixed assets, current liabilities, long-term liabilities, and owners’ equity

Annual Financial Statements

A set of financial statements required to be issued annually that show the financial position of an entity, typically consisting of the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, and cash flow statement

Commodity Exchange

Similar to a stock exchange, it is where supply and demand forces meet and prices are determined. However, it differs from a stock exchange in that trading on a commodity exchange involves the assets themselves (commodities), such as oil, metals, and others.

Local Bank

An investment company licensed to conduct banking activities under the regulations of the Kingdom.

Book Building

A price discovery process used in initial public offerings (IPOs) and other securities issuances, in which the underwriter or lead manager collects and records investor demand and bids at various prices to determine the final offering price.

Intercontinental Exchange (ICE)

Intercontinental Exchange manages global futures markets and over-the-counter (OTC) trading markets for energy, agricultural products, stock indices, foreign exchange, and derivatives contracts. It also manages its energy futures contracts through ICE Futures Europe, based in London, and owns LIFFE.

Euronext

A network of European stock exchanges resulting from the merger of the Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam, and Lisbon exchanges, and later with the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). It is now part of Intercontinental Exchange (ICE).

Consolidated Income Statement

A financial statement combining the revenue, expenses, and net income of a parent company and its subsidiaries, presented as a single unified report.

Clearing House Statement

An official document issued by a clearing house to its members, summarising net obligations, margins, and settled positions arising from securities or derivatives transactions.